Biomolecules Vocabulary

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Biomolecule or Macromolecule

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A large, complex molecule, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, with a relatively large molecular weight.

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Polymer

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A substance composed of large molecules formed by the bonding of many smaller molecules called monomers.

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Carbohydrate

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Organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that provide energy to living cells.

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Protein

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Large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids, essential for all living organisms.

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Amino Acid

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Organic compounds that combine to form proteins, serving as the building blocks of life.

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Lipid

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A group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, and others, important for cell structure and energy storage.

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Nucleic Acid

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Biopolymers essential for all known forms of life, including DNA and RNA, which carry genetic information.

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Nucleotide

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The basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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Monosaccharide

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The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose.

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Enzyme

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Proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms.