Symmetric Cryptography and Secret Key Encryption

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Secret Key encryption

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Uses a single secret key for both encryption and decryption.

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Challenge in symmetric cryptography

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Finding a secure way to share or transport the key between the encrypting and decrypting entities.

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Diffie-Hellman

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A widely used key exchange algorithm for exchanging the secret key in symmetric cryptography.

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Types of symmetric encryption

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Block and Stream.

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Symmetric block encryption

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Involves grouping data into blocks and encrypting the individual blocks.

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Symmetric stream encryption

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Involves encrypting one bit at a time and is often much faster than block encryption.

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Padding in symmetric block encryption

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Used to fill blocks to operating size when the data does not fit perfectly.

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Block cipher mode implementations

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Manage how blocks of data are processed, e.g., DES block cipher with ECB mode.

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Common block cipher modes

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ECB, CBC, CFB, OFB, and CTR.

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CFB, OFB, and CTR modes

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Allow the block cipher to operate like a stream cipher.